Vertical Tricone Rock Bit , Rock Drill Bits 9 7/8" For Water Well Drilling

TRICONE ROCK DRILL BITS 9 7/8" For Water Well Drilling

Well drilling is the process of drilling a hole in the ground for the extraction of a natural resource such as ground water, brine, natural gas, or petroleum, for the injection of a fluid from surface to a subsurface reservoir or for subsurface formations evaluation or monitoring. Drilling for the exploration of the nature of the material underground (for instance in search of metallic ore) is best described as borehole drilling.

Vertical Drill Bit

The earliest wells were water wells, shallow pits dug by hand in regions where the water table approached the surface, usually with masonry or wooden walls lining the interior to prevent collapse. Modern drilling techniques utilize long drill shafts, producing holes much narrower and deeper than could be produced by digging.
 

Well drilling can be done either manually or mechanically and the nature of required equipment varies from extremely simple and cheap to very sophisticated.
 

Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) is defined by the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) as "an adaptive drilling process used to more precisely control the annular pressure profile throughout the wellbore." The objectives of MPD are "to ascertain the downhole pressure environment limits and to manage the annular hydraulic pressure profile accordingly."
 

Rock breaking mechanism of tri-cone bit
 

1. Impact crushing

When the cone bit is working at the bottom of the well, the impact of the teeth on the rock by the longitudinal vibration of the bit is the main way to break the rock by the roller bit. When the drill bit is rotated, the teeth are pressed into the rock at a certain speed. This crushing method is similar to the static pressure in the crushing test. The pressing of the teeth into the rock requires sufficient specific pressure and contact time. Therefore, the axial load of the tooth of the roller bit on the rock includes the static pressure and the impact load. The drilling pressure applied to the drill bit is a static pressure portion; the impact load is generated by the drill bit when the bottom of the well rotates, so that the drill bit-drill string system is continuously compressed and stretched, and the lower drill string transmits the elastic deformation energy of the cycle to Produced by the cone, this is the source of the impact pressure of the teeth when the drill bit breaks the rock. Increasing the impact pressure of the drill bit on the formation can increase the efficiency of the broken rock.
 

2. Sliding shear
 

In the rock with higher plasticity, in addition to the impact of the teeth on the bottom rock, it also requires the teeth to have a certain sliding effect on the ground, so that the teeth cut the rock to expand the rock crushing effect. It is important when drilling in soft formations. Measures to cause slippage when the cone is rolled at the bottom of the well are super-top, compound cone and shift axis.
 

(1) Super top. The super top means that the cone top of the cone exceeds the centerline of the drill bit. The distance from the top of the cone to the centerline is called the super-topping. The larger the super-top distance, the larger the amount of sliding. The super-top produces a sliding in the tangential direction, and the rock between the teeth and the teeth on each ring of the cone is cut.
 

(2) Complex cone. The compound cone causes the cone to slip in the tangential direction, and as with the super-top, the rock between the teeth and the teeth on each ring of the cone is cut.
 

(3) Shifting axis. Shifting the shaft means that the axis of the cone is translated a distance relative to the axis of the bit. This distance is called the shifting wheelbase. If the shifting wheelbase is larger, the amount of sliding of the cone is larger, and the shearing effect is larger. The shifting shaft causes the teeth to slide axially, and the rock between the ring gears on the cone is cut.
 

3. The shearing action of the tooth itself
 

When the tooth is eaten into the rock under the action of axial pressure (drilling pressure), the wedge surface of the tooth produces a horizontal shear force on the rock in contact with it, and the rock undergoes shear fracture along the shear plane, along with the teeth. Move to remove the broken rock, which is the shearing effect of the tooth itself on the rock.

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